Syllabus: Physics: Introductory: Calculus-Based: PHYS 195 - Physics for Scientists and Engineers A; PHYS 196 - Physics for Scientists and Engineers B
Semester: 2026: Spring / Summer / Fall
Instructor: David Jeffery

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   For office hours for summer semesters, see below item Daily Routine.

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3. Catalog Description:
   1. PHYS 195 - Physics for Scientists and Engineers A: Calculus-based lecture in kinematics (Ch01--04), forces, particle dynamics (Ch05--07,Ch13), work and energy (Ch08,Ch13), momentum and collisions (Ch09), angular momentum and rotations (Ch10--11), elasticity (Ch12) and oscillations (Ch15--17), fluids (Ch14), and thermophysics (Ch18--21).
   2. PHYS 196 Physics for Scientists and Engineers B: Calculus-based lecture in
      waves and sound (p196_vol_01_16--p196_vol_01_17),
      electrostatics (p196_vol_02_05--p196_vol_02_08),
      magnetism (p196_vol_02_11--p196_vol_02_14),
      DC (p196_vol_02_09--p196_vol_02_10) and AC (p196_vol_02_15) circuits,
      electromagnetic waves (p196_vol_02_16,
          Last Topics),
      geometric (p196_vol_03_01--p196_vol_03_02,
          Last Topics),
          and physical (p196_vol_03_03--p196_vol_03_04,
          Last Topics) optics,
      quanta (p196_vol_03_06--p196_vol_03_07,
          Last Topics),
      atoms (p196_vol_03_08,
          Last Topics),
      relativity (p196_vol_03_05,
          Last Topics),
      nuclei (p196_vol_03_10,
          Last Topics),
      and elementary particles (p196_vol_03_11,
          Last Topics).
      
   3. Note the catalog topics must be covered in the course by UNLV policy.
4. Library: See UNLV Library and also UNLV Library Search. There are NO library resources and NO specific external information resources recommended for this course---except the course course textbook: see below.
5. Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI can be used as an alternative source of information, but remember it CANNOT be a super-reliable source of information. But there is to be NO use for solving particular problems or quizzes/exams. What you need to do for preparing for exams and all of scientific/engineering life is to develop the skills to do a problem on your own OR by engaging, roughly speaking, in the Socratic method with someone else including the instructor and/or study friends.
   Using AI to solve problems is like taking a forklift to the weight room.
6. Course Website / Extended Syllabus: None so far for this course.
7. Course Textbook:
   1. OpenStax: University Physics: Volume 1: pdf.
   2. OpenStax: University Physics: Volume 2: pdf.
   3. OpenStax: University Physics: Volume 3: pdf.
   4. The textbook is free online and can be found by googling "OpenStax University Physics Volumes 1, 2, 3".
      
   5. Homeworks: There is a homework for almost every chapter of the Textbook we cover, but only some homeworks will be handed in and even for those only some of or NONE of the problems will be marked. A full-answer question needs few or no words---unless a word answer is asked for---and does NOT need to be lengthy, but it does have to be detailed enough that it is convincing to yourself, the instructor, the grader, and your fellow students. The multiple-choice questions will NOT be marked, but some will occur on exams, and so you should always answer them as if you were writing exam and had to pull the answer out of memory or by deduction.
      Self-testing on homeworks and problems from other sources is the key preparation for exams and all the rest of your life.
      

   195. Textbook Chapters 195:
        1. Ch01: Units and Measurement: p. 1--42: Homework 1, Solutions 1, Notes 1.
           1. Relativity file: light_speed_earth_moon.html
           2. Relativity file: relativity_light.html.
           3. Physics file: physics_branches.html.
           4. Derived units examples. But you need physical constants to relate quantities with incompatible units in formulae.
        2. Ch02: Vectors: p. 43--98: Homework 2, Solutions 2, Notes 2.
           1. Physics file: vector_field.html.
           2. Physics file: vector_field_field_lines.html.
        3. Ch03: Motion Along a Straight Line: p. 99--148: Homework 3, Solutions 3, Notes 3.
           1. For the thrill of it all, see the video Alien Abduction gravitron ride at Bluegrass Fair Lexington (June 19th, 2021) | 2:14.
           2. Galileo's "falling bodies" experiment re-created at Pisa | 4:02.
           3. Hammer and feather drop on moon | 0:49. Note the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is ∼ 1/6 of that on Earth's. More exactly it is 1.622 m/s**2 = (0.1654 times g_0 = 9.80665 m/s**2). So free fall times are longer on on the Moon.
        4. Ch04: Motion in Two and Three Dimensions: p. 149--194: Homework 4, Solutions 4, Notes 4.
           
           1. Mechanics file: center_of_mass_fosbury_flop.html: Parabolic trajectory videos.
           2. Physics file: physical_law_solution.html: For projectile motion animation.
        5. Ch05: Newton's Laws of Motion: p. 195--250: Homework 5, Solutions 5, Notes 5.
           1. Relativity file: frame_reference_spacetime.html.
           2. Mechanics file: frame_inertial_free_fall.html.
           3. Mechanics file: tidal_force.html.
           4. Mechanics file: tide_earth.html.
           5. Earth file: earth_oblate_spheroid.html.
           6. Mechanics file: frame_rotating.html.
           7. Mechanics file: coriolis_force.html.
           8. Mechanics file: pendulum_foucault.html.
           9. Mechanics file: frame_hierarchy_astro.html.
           10. Cosmology file: expanding_universe.html.
           11. Mechanics file: center_of_mass_1d.html.
           12. Mechanics file: center_of_mass_hanging.html.
           13. Mechanics file: center_of_mass_balancing_bird.html.
           14. Mechanics file: stability_mechanical.html.
           15. Mechanics file: center_of_mass_fosbury_flop.html: Parabolic trajectory videos.
           16. Alien Abduction gravitron ride at Bluegrass Fair Lexington (June 19th, 2021) | 2:14: Once the door closes, there is no escape.
        6. Ch06: Applications of Newton's Laws: p. 251--314: Homework 6, Solutions 6, Notes 6.
           1. File:Sinh cosh tanh.svg.
           2. Table of friction coefficients.
           3. Homework 6: Example problems explicated in class.
        7. Ch07: Work and Kinetic Energy: p. 315--346: Homework 7, Solutions 7, Notes 7.
        7. Exam 1 Solutions
        8. Ch08: Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy: p. 347--384: Homework 8, Solutions 8, Notes 8.
           1. File:Simple Harmonic Motion Orbit.gif.
        9. Ch09: Linear Momentum and Collisions: p. 385--460: Homework 9, Solutions 9, Notes 9.
           1. When galaxies collide! | 1:36: An example of an appoximate ghost solution collision.
        10. Ch10: Fixed-Axis Rotation: p. 461--526: Homework 10, Solutions 10, Notes 10.
            1. Bicycle Wheel with gyroscope precession | 0:26: Demontration of how tricky rotation with multiple axes and unfixed axes is even though it is very common.
            2. Gyroscopic Precession | 3:48: Longer discussion of the precession of a bicycle wheel which is sort example gyroscope.
            3. OpenStax: Angular Momentum V2: Physics Concept Trailer: Figure skater spins | 1:15 .
        11. Ch11: Angular Momentum: p. 527--564: Homework 11, Solutions 11, Notes 11.
            1. Kai James, 2025, "How was the wheel invented? Computer simulations reveal the unlikely birth of a world-changing technology nearly 6,000 years ago".
            2. OpenStax: Angular Momentum V2: Physics Concept Trailer: Figure skater spins | 1:15 .
            3. Spinning Wheel on Spinning Chair | 1:29: A demonstration of the conservation of angular momentum along z axis when there is zero z torque.
            4. Bicycle Wheel with gyroscope precession | 0:26: Demontration of how tricky rotation with multiple axes and unfixed axes is even though it is very common.
            5. Gyroscopic Precession | 3:48: Longer discussion of the precession of a bicycle wheel which is a sort of example gyroscope.
        12. Ch12: Static Equilibrium and Elasticity: p. 565--610: Homework 12, Solutions 12, Notes 12.
        13. Ch13: Gravitation: p. 611--664: Homework 13, Solutions 13, Notes 13.
            1. File:Solid Angle, 1 Steradian.svg: Solid angle explicated.
            2. Orbit file: orbit_elliptical_explication.html.
            3. Orbit file: orbit_videos.html.
            4. Moon file: moon_videos.html.
            5. Moon formation file: moon_formation_evolution_videos.html.
            6. Galaxies file: galaxy_videos.html.
        14. Ch14: Fluid Mechanics: p. 665--712: Homework 14, Solutions 14, Notes 14.
            1. Thermodynamics file: phases_major.html.
            2. Thermodynamics file: phase_diagram_water.html.
            3. Thermodynamics file: co2_ice.html.
               
        15. Ch15: Oscillations: p. 723--766: Homework 15, Solutions 15, Notes 15.
            1. Mechanics file: simple_harmonic_oscillator.html.
            2. Matthew Schwartz: Lecture 2: Driven oscillators.
            3. Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapse "Gallopin' Gertie" | 5:56: The famous collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge 1940.
        16. Ch16: Waves: p. 767--822: Homework 16, Solutions 16, Notes 16.
            1. IAL 6: Radiation: The introduction serves as a good intro to waves.
            2. Standing Waves Part I: Demonstration | 4:37.
        17. Exam 2 Solutions: Note the questions have been updated since the exam.
        18. Ch17: Sound: p. 823--868: Homework 17, Solutions 17, Notes 17.
            1. IAL 7: Spectra: Doppler Effect.
        0. Contents: Volume 2: Add 12 to cited pages to get the pdf page number.
        18. Ch18: Temperature and Heat: p. 5--66: Homework 18, Solutions 18, Notes 18.
            1. Thermodynamics file: gas_animation.html: Used to illustrate absolute zero T = 0 K.
            2. Thermodynamics file: free_expansion.html. Thermodynamics file:
            3. table_temperature_scale_comparison.html.
            4. Blackbody file: blackbody_spectra.html.
            5. Blackbody file: stefan_boltzmann_law_logarithmic.html.
            6. Thermodynamics file: maxwell_boltzmann_distribution_4.html.
        19. Ch19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases: p. 67--108: Homework 19, Solutions 19, Notes 19.
            1. Thermodynamics file: maxwell_boltzmann_distribution_4.html
        20. Ch20: The First Law of Thermodynamics: p. 109--142: Homework 20, Solutions 20, Notes 20.
            1. Thermodynamics file: heat_engine_schematic_4.html.
        21. Ch21: The Second Law of Thermodynamics: p. 135--178: Homework 21, Solutions 21, Notes 21.
            1. Thermodynamics file: heat_engine_schematic_4.html.

   196. Textbook Chapters 196:
        16. Ch16: Waves: p. 761--806: Homework 16, Solutions 16, Notes 16.
            1. IAL 6: Electromagnetic Radiation
            2. IAL 6: Electromagnetic Radiation: Introduction
            3. standing_waves.html#standing waves video
        17. Ch17: Sound: p. 807--862: Homework 17, Solutions 17, Notes 17.
            1. IAL 7: Spectra: The Doppler Effect
        5. Ch05: Electric Charges and Fields: p. 169--218: Homework 02_05, Solutions 02_05, Notes 02_05.
           1. Astronomer file: james_clerk_maxwell.html.
           2. Electromagnetism file: maxwell_equations.html.
           3. Electromagnetic Radiation file: heinrich_hertz.html.
           4. Electromagnetism file: electric_charge_explication.html.
           5. Physics file: vector_field.html.
           6. Physics file: vector_field_field_lines.html.
           7. Electromagnetism file: em_field_lines.html.
        5. Exam 1 solutions: Note, my solutions are intended to be super-perfect (but may not be so) and go beyond the required answer sometimes. Sometimes only shortened versions appear on exams.
        6. Ch06: Gauss's Law: p. 219--266 : Homework 02_06, Solutions 02_06, Notes 02_06.
           1. point effect: Gauthier, N. 1990, IOP, Radius of curvature and charge accumulation near point: Too elaborate for intro physics.
           2. point effect: Physics Forums: Why ...
           3. Feynman Lecture 6.11: High-Voltage Breakdown: Richard Feynman's (1918--1988) explication of why the point effect happens.
        7. Ch07: Electric Potential: p. 267--322: Homework 02_07, Solutions 02_07, Notes 02_07.
        8. Ch08: Capacitance: p. 323--360: Homework 02_08, Solutions 02_08, Notes 02_08.
           1. Google AI Answers to Not-So-Frequently Asked Questions.
        8. Exam 2 solutions: Note, my solutions are intended to be super-perfect (but may not be so) and go beyond the required answer sometimes. Sometimes only shortened versions appear on exams.
        9. Ch09: Current and Resistance: p. 361--404: Homework 02_09, Solutions 02_09, Notes 02_09.
           1. Google AI question: Where is the charge that causing the electric field in circuits?: Follow-up questions:
              1. What is this effect called?
              2. Can the charge be called guiding charge? Yes.
              3. Do the electric field lines start or end on guiding charge? Yes/No.
              4. Is guiding charge flowing too? Yes.
        10. Ch10: Direct-Current Circuits: p. 405--462: Homework 0_2_09, Solutions 02_09, Notes 02_09:
            Chapters 9 and 10 are combined and the homeworks, solutions, and notes are just for the Chapter 9 entry.
        11. Ch11: Magnetic Forces and Fields: p. 463--500: Homework _02_11, Solutions 02_11, Notes 02_11.
            1. Standard model of elementary particles: the 12 fundamental fermions and 5 fundamental bosons.
        12. Ch12: Sources of Magnetic Fields: p. 501--544: Homework 02_12, Solutions 02_12, Notes 02_12.
            1. IAL 8: The Sun: Controlled Fusion and Fusion Power.
        12. Exam 3 solutions: Note, my solutions are intended to be super-perfect (but may not be so) and go beyond the required answer sometimes. Sometimes only shortened versions appear on exams.
        13. Ch13: Electromagnetic Induction: p. 545--590: Homework 02_13, Solutions 02_13, Notes 02_13.
        14. Ch14: Inductance: p. 591--622: Homework 02_14, Solutions 02_14, Notes 02_14.
            1. Grothaus Traffic Doors - For Food Processing and Commercial Kitchens: 0:30
            2. Swinging door 0:08
        15. Ch15: Alternating-Current Circuits: p. 623--656: Homework 02_15, Solutions 02_15, Notes 02_15.
        15. Exam 4 solutions: Note, my solutions are intended to be super-perfect (but may not be so) and go beyond the required answer sometimes. Sometimes only shortened versions appear on exams.
        16. Ch16: Electromagnetic Waves: p. 657--698: Homework 02_16, Solutions 02_16, Notes 02_16.
            

            Last Topics:

            1. Atoms, electromagnetic waves, geometrical and physical optics, quanta, relativity (special relativity): IAL 6: Electromagnetic Radiation: Homework 03_01 (AKA Homework 6); Solutions 03_01 (AKA Solutions 6).
               If time for, general relativity: IAL 25: Black Holes: General Relativity.

            1. Atoms, quanta: IAL 7: Spectra: Homework 03_01b (AKA Homework 7); Solutions 03_01b (AKA Solutions 7).

            2. Geometrical optics: Optics file: optics_geometrical.html: Homework 03_02, Solutions 03_02.

            7. Quanta, quantum mechanics: Notes 03_07: Homework 03_07, Solutions 03_07.

            10. Nuclear physics: IAL 8: The Sun: Nuclear Fusion in the Sun, IAL 8: The Sun: Controlled Fusion and Fusion Power: Homework 03_10, Solutions 03_10.
                If time for, Big Bang nucleosynthesis: IAL 30: Cosmology: Big Bang Cosmology and the Initial Conditions of the Observable Universe: Big Bang Cosmology.

            11. Particle physics: Physics file: particle_physics.html: Homework 03_11, Solutions 03_11.
                

            12. Final exam solutions: Note, my solutions are intended to be super-perfect (but may not be so) and go beyond the required answer sometimes. Sometimes only shortened versions appear on exams.

            13. Introductory Astronomy Lectures (IAL): Contents.
        1. Ch01: The Nature of Light: p. 5--48: Homework 301, Solutions 301, Notes 301.
        2. Ch02: Geometrical Optics and Image Formation: p. 49--108: Homework 302, Solutions 302, Notes 302.
        3. Ch03: Interference: p. 109--134: Homework 303, Solutions 303, Notes 303.
        4. Ch04: Diffraction: p. 135--182: Homework 304, Solutions 304, Notes 304.
        5. Ch05: Relativity: p. 173--220: Homework 305, Solutions 305, Notes 305.
        6. Ch06: Photons and Matter Waves: p. 231--284: Homework 306, Solutions 306, Notes 306.
        7. Ch07: Quantum Mechanics: p. 285--336: Homework 307, Solutions 307, Notes 307.
        8. Ch08: Atomic Structure: p. 337--382: Homework 308, Solutions 308, Notes 308.
        10. Ch10: Nuclear Physics: p. 431--482: Homework 310, Solutions 310, Notes 310.
        11. Ch11: Particle Physics and Cosmology: p. 483--530: Homework 311, Solutions 311, Notes 311.

   Daily Routine: M--F, 8:00--9:40 am for class in BPB 106 and the rest of the day for study.

   1. Lecture: ∼ 50 minutes.
   2. Group Activity ∼ 5 minutes: People form groups and answer onscreen multiple-choice questions: Unmarked, but you better do it seriously.
   3. Break: ⪅ 10 minutes: Group activity plus break ≤ 15 minutes always.
   4. Lecture: ∼ 35 minutes.
   5. Office hours: 10:30--12:00 am in faculty office BPB 244, 2nd floor, far west small corridor, moving to BPB 250 if there is a crowd.
   6. Office hours: 1:00--4:00 pm in faculty office BPB 244, 2nd floor, far west small corridor, moving to BPB 250 if there is a crowd.
   7. Meetings can be by Zoom.
   8. Academic Success Center: Tutoring: They do include PHYS 195/196 - Physics for Scientists and Engineers A/B, but NOT for the current summer semester. See the 2026 Summer Schedule for the Tutoring Lab.

8. Required Readings: The course notes and relevant parts of the chapters of the textbook being lectured on.
9. Homework Due Dates: To-be-handed-in homeworks are due at the BEGINNING of the class the day after the corresponding chapter of the textbook has been completed in class. For this summer semester, homeworks receive a full mark for apparent completeness. Probably toward the end of the summer semester, there will be NO MORE to-be-handed-in homeworks. Late homeworks are allowed only in the case of extenuating circumstances.
   The homeworks are the study guide.
10. Evaluation:
    1. Homeworks: Tentatively, 10 %.
    2. Semester Exams: Tentatively, 4 semester exams (50 minutes) on Fridays each worth 15 % each for a total of 60 %.
       After the exams, we have a 10 minute break and then a 40 minute lecture.
    3. Final: Tentatively, 100 minutes on the last Friday, 30 %.
    Final grades are always set by instructor drawing grade lines by personal judgment in order to get a fair distribution on the 12-point scale: A,A-,B+,B,B-,C+,C,C-,D+,D,D-,F. However, before final grades, the instructor just uses satisfactory S for above 60 % and D+,D,D-,F for below.
11. Exam Schedule Including Final Exam:
    EOF

12. Student Learning Outcomes:
    1. Learn the topics included in the catalog description.
    2. Be able to apply those concepts in those topics to problems, and thereby solidify the concepts.
    3. There are more concepts to learn than can be tested. But you should learn as much as you can: that learning is what you need to know for the rest of your professional careers. Ideally, the course should recreate the subject in your own mind.
    4. As in all intro physics courses, we generally study idealized systems which often work to good accuracy in applications, but NOT always to good accuracy. In dealing with real systems to high accuracy, you often must include complicating secondary effects that are usually beyond the scope of this course.
    5. Learning requires multiple modes:
       1. Learning is by following the lecture in your mind and questioning/challenging it in your mind as much as you can. Asking the instructor questions too. It's hard over 50 minutes, let alone 100 minutes.
       2. Learning is by understanding notes (your own or the instructor's), NOT just relying on the textbook (which is the opposite of compact: it's verbose). The instructor's notes are their personalized mnemonics. If you want to rely on them, you should still make your own notes even if they are just written right on top of the instructor's notes. The instructor actually recommends this---even though it takes a lot of paper.
       3. Learning by thinking and talking a subject. There's really no other way. Our neural networks, NOT AI's, need the workout.
       4. Learning is by spending ∼ 3 times more time on the course out of the lecture period than in it if at all possible. Going over the textbook, notes, concepts, homework problems, homework solutions.
    6. Have some fun with some of the most profound concepts of the universe.
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