Caption: Aristotle (384--322 BCE), the supreme authority---with appropriate smugness.

He was the Wikipedia of the Middle Ages. Not everywhere or all the time or to all people, of course. Just to some of the intellectuals of Western Eurasia, but eventually to a lot of them---the Aristotelians: e.g., Leo the Mathematician (c.790--after 869), Averroes (Ibn Rushd, 1126--1198), Thomas Aquinas (1225--1274).

Credit/Permission: © David Jeffery, 2003 / Own work.
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