Caption: The last 450 kyr of the Quarternary glaciation (AKA the current ice age, 2.58 Myr--present) illustrated by runs of temperature anomaly (i.e., temperature relative to 15° C???) (blue curve), atmospheric CO_2 concentration (ppmv) (green), and dust concentration (?) (red curve) determined from Vostock ice cores.
Features:
Note temperature given with zero point set to a fiducial value rather than the standard temperature scale zero is called temperature anomaly.
During the glacial periods ice sheets covered extensive regions of the Northern Hemisphere, land and ocean.
The time periods of relatively high temperature are roughly the interglacials of the Quarternary glaciation.
Over the last 800 kyr, the glacial periods have been ∼ 100 kyr in length and the interglacials ∼ 10 kyr in length (see Wikipedia: Quarternary glaciation: Description).
We are currently in an interglacial called Holocene which began circa 9,700 BCE (AKA BC) (i.e. 11,700 before present (PB) which is defined to be 1950 Jan01).
We don't know when the next when the next glacial period will start. Global warming and other anthropogenic effects may well affect the next start date.
One hypothesis suggests 50,000 years from now, but much smaller and larger times have been hypothesized (see Wikipedia: Quarternary glaciation: Next glacial period).
The scale is too large to show the details of the post-1700 epoch where anthropogenic effects (mostly obviously anthropogenic CO_2 concentration increase and global warming) have become important.
However, there is a complex interaction of effects from the biosphere, geology, atmospheric composition (in particular the varying atmospheric CO_2 concentration), and and astronomical Milankovich cycles.
The Milankovich cycles are as follows:
None of the Milankovich cycles has constant rate of evolution due to perturbations (in particular gravitational perturbations).
Thus, they have no exact periods.
The complex interaction of the Milankovich cycles among themselves and with the other causes of Quarternary glaciation results in the inexact periodicity of the glacial period-interglacials cycle.