Here yours truly puts online some useful Grotrian diagrams for which permission is obtained.
There arn't many---only 1, in fact.
What yours truly has done in other cases is simply made placeholder images to link directly to the images that are online.
Most of these come from the book Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO) (hereafter Moore & Merrill (1968)) by Charlotte E. Moore (1898--1990) and Paul W. Merrill (1887--1961).
This book's Grotrian diagrams have no permission to be shown it seems.
Moore & Merrill (1968) is a publication of the US Government Printing Office (GPO). GPO publications are generally public domain: see GPO: Public Domain & Copyright Notice. However, those GPO publications with the a that material has been reprinted with permission of a copyright holder require the permission of the copyright holder for that material.
Moore & Merrill (1968) has almost all material reprinted from a publication of the Carnegie Institution for Science (CIFS): see CIFS Monograph Series 610.
So the Moore & Merrill (1968) Grotrian diagrams cannot be reproduced as far as yours truly knows.
However, the diagrams are easily available and printable for free at the link Moore & Merrill (1968), but they shouldn't displayed by others online without some explict permission.
Maybe they could be displayed under fair use, but it seems unlikely.
Maybe someday there will be a general permission to display them, but until that day we can only link to Moore & Merrill (1968).
It's surprising that there seem to be no great online sources for Grotrian diagrams.
The following on the best I found so far.
- German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory A few Grotrian diagrams. All explicitly copyrighted with no obvious terms of use.
- Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO) A great collection of well-drawn figures that have been of great use over the decades---but it only has selection of most useful Grotrian diagrams and some of the data may be out of date or incomplete. Not public domain it seems. No explicit terms of use given.
- Wikimedia Commons: Category:Grotrian diagrams A very few Grotrian diagrams, but the terms of use are clear---where is the legion of Wik Warriors generating Grotrian diagrams for us?
- University of Wisconsin: Atomic Collisions Group: Stuff to Download A very few Grotrian diagrams. They are just called free, and I assume that means public domain. But it's not clear "free" applies to the Grotrian diagrams.
- Hydrogen, H,
Z=1
- H I
Caption: H I Grotrian diagram.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 4).
- H I 2nd version
Caption: H I Grotrian diagram.
Below, we consider the energy levels and then the atomic line transitions for the hydrogen atom.
For energy levels, we use ideal hydrogen atom values. For atomic line transitions, we use values tabulated by the National Institute of Science & Technnology (NIST) (formerly the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)) (Wiese et al. 1966, p. 2; Wiese et al. 1966, p. 2, online).
The formula for energies of the energy levels of the ideal hydrogen atom (i.e., the hydrogen atom calculated without any perturbation corrections included, but using the correct reduced mass) is
E_n = -E_ryd*(μ/m_e)/n**2 = -(13.5982 ... eV)/n**2 , where the Rydberg energy = 13.60569253(30) eV, the reduced Rydberg energy = 13.5982 ... eV, the electron reduced mass μ=m_e/(1+m_e/m_p)=(0.9994 ...)*m_e, the electron rest-mass energy m_e=0.510998910(13) MeV, the proton rest-mass energy m_p=938.272046(21) MeV, energy is in electron-volts (eV) (1 MeV=10**6 eV), and n is the principal quantum number which runs 1, 2, 3, ... in order of increasing energy level energy for the hydrogen atom.The zero point for the energies is zero energy of the continuum of energy states available to free (i.e., unbound) electrons.
To get the energy measured from the ground state of the hydrogen atom, one uses formula E_grd_n = E_n - E_1.
To get the energy of a particular transition, one uses the formula E = E_n_upper - E_n_lower.
In the table below, we show the hydrogen atom energy levels.
---------------------------------------------------- Table: Energy Levels of the Ideal Hydrogen Atom ---------------------------------------------------- n E_n E_grd_n (eV) (eV) ---------------------------------------------------- 1 -13.598 ... 0.0000 ... 2 -3.3995 ... 10.1987 ... 3 -1.5109 ... 12.0873 ... 4 -0.8498 ... 12.7483 ... 5 -0.5439 ... 13.0543 ... 6 -0.3777 ... 13.2205 ... 7 -0.2775 ... 13.3207 ... ∞ 0 13.5982 ... ----------------------------------------------------
The atomic line transitions for the hydrogen atom are tabulated below.
-
Table: Atomic Hydrogen Spectral Series
- Lyman series n & ge ; 2 → 1 transitions
- Balmer series n & ge ; 3 → n=2 transitions
- Paschen series n ≥ 4 → 3 transitions
- Brackett series n ≥ 5 → 4 transitions
- Pfund series n ≥ 6 → 5 transitions
- Humphreys series n ≥ 7 → 6 transitions
- No name series n ≥ 8 → n ≥ 7 transitions
Credit/Permission: © User:Kiko2000, User:Cepheiden, 2000 / Creative Commons CC BY-SA 3.0.
Image linked to Wikipedia.
- H I 2nd version
- H I
- Helium, He,
Z=2
- He I
Caption: He I Grotrian diagram.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 6).
- He I
- Lithium, Li,
Z=3
- Li I
Caption: Li I Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 8).
- Li I
- Carbon, C,
Z=6
- C II
Caption: C II Grotrian diagram.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 20).
- C II
- Nitrogen, N,
Z=7
- N II
Caption: N II Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 24).
- N II
- Oxygen, O,
Z=8
- O I
Caption: O I Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 32).
- O I
- Sodium, Na,
Z=11
- Na I
Caption: Na I Grotrian diagram.
Under almost all conditions, the strongest transition lines of Na I by far are the 2 yellow ground state sodium D lines which constitute a doublet of lines with wavelengths λ=5889.95 Å and λ=5895.92 Å (Wiese et al. 1969, p. 2).
Credit/Permission: University of Wisconsin: Atomic Collisions Group, before or circa 2012 / Public domain is implicitly declared it seems ???.
Image linked to University of Wisconsin: Atomic Collisions Group: Stuff to Download.
- Na I
- Magnesium, Mg,
Z=12
- Mg I
Caption: Mg I Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 16).
- Mg II
Caption: Mg II Grotrian diagram.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 10).
- Mg I
- Silicon, Si,
Z=14
- Si II
Caption: Si II Grotrian diagram.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 22).
- Si II
- Sulfur, S,
Z=16
- S II
Caption: S II Grotrian diagram.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 30).
- S II
- Calcium, Ca,
Z=20
- Ca I
Caption: Ca I Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 18).
- Ca II
Caption: Ca II Grotrian diagram.
Under almost all conditions, the strongest transition lines of Ca II by far are the 2 near ultraviolet ground state Ca II H & K lines which constitute a doublet of lines with wavelengths λ=3933.66 Å (the K line) and λ=3968.47 Å (the H line) (Wiese et al. 1969, p. 252).
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 12).
- Ca I
- Scandium, Sc,
Z=21
- Sc II
Caption: Sc II Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 40).
- Sc II
- Titanium, Ti,
Z=22
- Ti II
Caption: Ti II Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 44).
- Ti II
- Vanadium, V,
Z=23
- V II
Caption: V II Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 48).
- V II
- Chromium, Cr,
Z=24
- Cr II
Caption: Cr II Grotrian diagram.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 52).
- Cr II
- Manganese, Mn,
Z=25
- Mn II
Caption: Mn II Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 56).
- Mn II
- Iron, Fe,
Z=26
- Fe I
Caption: Fe I Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 62).
- Fe II
Caption: Fe II Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 61).
- Fe III
Caption: Fe III Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 60).
- Fe I
- Cobalt, Co,
Z=27
- Co I
Caption: Co I Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 63).
- Co I
- Nickel Ni,
Z=28
- Ni I
Caption: Ni I Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 65).
- Ni II
Caption: Ni II Grotrian diagram.
For correct orientation: /on image right click/menu/rotate clockwise.
Credit/Permission: Moore, C. E. & Merrill, P. W. 1968, Partial Grotrian Diagrams of Astrophysical Interest, 1968 (Washington, D.C.: GPO), 1968 / ???.
Image linked to Moore & Merrill (1968, p. 64).
- Ni I
