# some utility routines to read and write matrixes and pictures


def ReadMat(name):
    input = open(name, 'r')
    rows,cols = input.readline().split()
    rows=int(rows)
    cols=int(cols)
    a=[[0]*cols for i in range(rows)]
    for i in range(rows):
      line = input.readline().split()
      print line
      for j in range(cols):
         a[i][j]=int(line[j])
    return a
          
def ReadVec(name):

    input = open(name, 'r')
    length = input.readline().split()
    length=int(length)
    a=[0]*length
    line=[]
    for i in range(length):
      while len(line)<length:
        line+= input.readline().split()
      a[i]=int(line[i])
    return a
          

def ReadPic(name):
    input = open(name, 'r')
    input.readline()
    input.readline()
    rows,cols = input.readline().split()
    rows=int(rows)
    cols=int(cols)
    a=[[0]*rows for i in range(cols)]
    input.readline()
    line=[]
    for i in range(cols):
      while len(line) < rows:
        line += input.readline().split()
      for j in range(rows):
         a[i][j]=int(line[j])
      line=line[j+1:]
    return a
          
def PrintMat(a):
   print len(a), len(a[0])
   for i in range(len(a)):
     for j in range(len(a[0])):
        print a[i][j],
     print


def PrintPic(a):
   print "P2"
   print "#created by Python"
   print len(a[0]), len(a)
   print "255"
   m=0
   for i in range(len(a)):
     for j in range(len(a[0])):
        print a[i][j],
        m+=1
        if m==16:
           m=0
           print
     print


def PrintVec(x):
  print len(x)
  for i in range(len(x)):
    print x[i],
  print

def MakePic(a):
  col=len(a[0])
  row=len(a)
  MAX=0
  for i in range(row):
    for j in range(col):
      temp=abs(a[i][j])
      if temp > MAX: MAX=temp
      a[i][j]=temp
  for i in range(row):
    for j in range(col):
      a[i][j]= int(255*a[i][j]/MAX)

  PrintPic(a)


def transpose(a):
  b= zip(*a)
  for i in range(len(b)):
    b[i]=list(b[i])
  return b


def shiftleft(a,L):
  for i in range(len(a)):
    a[i]=a[i][L:] + a[i][:L]
  return a

def shiftup(a,U):
    return a[U:] + a[:U]